Response of Egyptian Observatories to the Intense Storm on April 23, 2023.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Geomagnetic laboratory, Geomagnetic and Geoelectric Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

2 Geomagnetic laboratory, Geomagnetic and Geoelectric Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the response of the Egyptian magnetic observatories (Misallat ‘MLT’ & Abu Simble ‘ABS’) to the intense storm that occurred on April 23, 2023. This storm is currently recognized as the second most intense storm within the Solar Cycle 25. The storm has caused significant fluctuations in the components of the Earth's magnetic field (X, Y, and Z). This study includes data from the Egyptian observatories (MLT & ABS), the GOES-16 satellite, and nearby observatories in Alergia and Greece (TAM and PEG). Unlike previous studies that have focused on the impacts of magnetic storms on regional magnetic field observations, this research provides a significant approach and additional value by examining the response of local Egyptian observatories to such important phenomena. The data collected from the Egyptian observatories was correlated with other data sets from TAM, PEG, and the GOES-16 satellite. The GOES-16 data showed a significant response due to the interaction of the satellite with the incoming solar wind stream in the plasma medium. Ground observatories also recorded simultaneous behavior in the observed components, with the highest level of disturbance on April 23rd. However, some long-period changes were still visible due to typical diurnal variation. To extract variations within the magnetic pulsations range, magnetic data was subjected to appropriate filtering techniques. High-pass filtering was applied by subtracting a time series moving average with a window of 100 samples from the measured time series. The study revealed storm-generated pulsations in the magnetosphere, with maximum pulse amplitudes of -101nT for Goes16, 13nT for MLT, and 7nT for ABS observatories. The power spectrogram showed pulsations that occurred in the recovery phase of the magnetic storm. The results of this study have significant implications for improving our understanding of space weather physics, forecasting, and mitigation procedures required.
 

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